BUTTER PRODUCTION

In the manufacture of butter, cream is first separated from the milk by centrifuge or cream separator operating at about 6000rpm, which remove up to 99.5% of the fat from the milk.

The cream is neutralized to a pH of 6.8-7.2and then pasteurized, either by the holder method (30 mins at 70-73oC) or the HTST method (25 sec at 80-85oC).

The pasteurized cream can be stored overnight and cooled to 10oCbeore it is churned to obtain a better textured butter ..........................

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Physical classification of water

Hygroscopic water This is the water present in an air dry soil held tightly by soil solids at a suction pressure greater than 3.1 bar. This type of water cannot be removed by evapouration and roots of higher plants. Only microbial activities have been found to take place here.

Aprilians

Strong resilient women are born in April, celebrate them!

Arboreal Habitat

Trunk of a Palm tree A variety of plants and animals live on and sometimes in a palm tree. The plants are epiphytes most of which live in humus and dusts which collects in the leaf bases of a palm tree. The animals are there because of these epiphytes or of the palm tree itself. A palm tree maybe divided into three regions, the crown, trunk and aerial parts of the roots. The common epiphytes found on palm trees are orchids (Diaphanthe, Bulbophyllum) figs, ferns, mosses. The animals found here are small animals like insects and spiders. You can get a soft copy of this book by sending me mail. ukponifueko@gmail.com.

SCIENCE is life

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